高考英语语法专题练习及答案
答案：should 解析：考查情态动词。句意：广州恒大足球俱乐部的运动员最近表现一直很好，所以按道理说他们应该能赢得决赛。根据句意可知，此处用情态动词should表示一种预期，常译为“按道理说应该”。
2. (2014·山东潍坊高三联考)One of our rules is that no students ________ carry mobile phones while taking an exam.
答案：shall 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们的一项规定是，学生参加考试时禁止带手机。shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、威胁、许诺等。
3. (2014·福建四地六校高三联考)—Could I surf the Internet for twenty more minutes, Mum?
—Oh, dear, if you ________.
答案：must 解析：考查情态动词。句意：——妈妈，我能再上20分钟的网吗?——噢，亲爱的，如果你一定要的话，那好吧。if you must“(表示虽不赞同但允许)如果你一定要”，符合语境。
4.(2014·湖南“五市十校”高三联合检测)You need to take a break from all this hard work. Remember: nothing ________ make up for the loss of your health.
答案：can 解析：考查情态动词。句意：在辛苦工作之后你需要好好休息一下。请记住没有什么能弥补你失去的健康。
5.(2014·沈阳高中质量监测)We can't imagine that two children ________ be killed by the washing machine of their house!
答案：should 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们无法想象两个孩子竟会被她们家里的洗衣机杀死。should可表示说话人的特殊情感，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等。
6.Days later, I tried to get my sister to tell me what was going on，but she________ say anything.
答案：wouldn't 解析：考查情态动词。句意：几天后，我设法让姐姐告诉我发生了什么，但她什么都不肯说。
7.Look! There are so many mistakes in your composition. You ________ have fixed full attention on it.
答案：should 解析：考查情态动词。句意：看!你的作文里有那么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。表示“本应该做但实际上没有做”应该用should have done结构。
8. (2014·杭州高考科目教学质量检测)The voluntary service saved you a sum of money that you otherwise ________(spend) on the agency responsible for finding your pets.
答案：would have spent 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：本来你要花一大笔钱给负责帮你找宠物的那家机构的，(但)这个志愿者服务机构帮你省下了这笔钱。根据主句的时态和句中的otherwise判断，这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，定语从句中用would have done表示“本来要做某事”。
9. You ________ never work too hard in learning a language. That's what it takes to learn a language well.
答案：can 解析：考查情态动词。句意：学习一门语言时你再努力也不为过，那是学好一门语言所必需的东西。can't(can never) ... too ...“再……也不为过”，符合语境及句子结构，故选B。
10. (2014·成都高中毕业班诊断性检测)—You talk so much about London. You ________ have been there.
—Yeah, I went sightseeing on a tour last summer.
答案：must 解析：考查情态动词。根据“you talk so much about London.”可知，空处应表示对过去事实的肯定推测，因此用must have done。can表示推测时常用于否定句或疑问句。
11. (2014·山东潍坊高三联考)—How about your trip to Hawaii?
—Wonderful! I ________ have enjoyed myself more.
答案：couldn't 解析：考查情态动词。根据“Wonderful”可知，此处意为“我不可能过得比那更愉快了”，暗指当时过得最愉快。“can't/couldn't ...+比较级”可表达最高级含义。
12. (2014·福建福州高三质量检测)—What if you ________(forget) to send all essay with your application?
—I would have been rejected.
答案：had forgotten 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：“如果你在寄申请的时候忘记发送一篇论文会怎么样?”“我会被拒绝的。”根据答语可知，问句表示对过去事实相反的假设，故应用过去完成时。
13. The constant rise of meat price requires that effective measures ________(take) by the government.
答案：be taken 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：肉价的持续上涨要求政府采取有效措施。require后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，be taken前省略了should。
14. (2014·北京海淀区高三期末)But for the mistakes he made, Li Ming ________(pass) the entrance exam last year.
答案：would have passed 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：李明要不是在去年的入学考试中犯了那些错误，他原本可以通过考试的。由“But for”和“made”可知，这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，谓语应用“would have+过去分词”。
15. (2014·北京东城区高三检测)—Do you like the school?
—Yeah. I only wish the classes ________(be) a little smaller.
答案：were 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：——你喜欢这个学校吗?——是的。我只希望我们的班级小一些。在wish后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，此处表示对现在情况的一种假设，谓语动词要用过去式。
Ⅱ.阅读理解(人物故事类+社会文化类)
A
(2015届高三大联考一)
(CNN)-She traveled the world with her husband for 22 months without major trouble, but a month after returning to the United States, Leanne Hecht Bearden is missing after she went for a walk.
A search is under way in Texas, northeast of San Antonio, for the Denver woman who took a walk almost a week ago and has not returned to her residence where she and her husband, Josh, were staying.
Bearden, 33, went missing Friday in the early afternoon, and police are encouraging the public to provide any information. While family and friends say “police are engaged” in this case and are being “diligent in their efforts，” they have decided to take the search into their own hands and have hired private helicopters to help look for Bearden. Her brother, Michael Hecht, told CNN two helicopters searched for nearly three hours Thursday following ground searches the previous two days.
Bearden and her husband Josh had just returned to the United States in December after spending nearly two years traveling around the world. They documented their journey in a blog. She and her husband of four years were supposed to fly to their home in Denver on Tuesday to resume job searches.
Michael Hecht said upon returning to the United States the couple had spent a short time in Georgia, then went to Texas for a few weeks to visit Josh's family. He said they were working to find jobs in Denver, where the couple was married and had settled.
“Her poor husband is just devastated，” said Michael Hecht.
Josh Bearden told CNN, “She left on her own free will. That is what she did. That is absolutely true, but what happened after she left the house on her own free will I don't know.”
Garden Ridge police have sent out a “Missing Person Alert.” Garden police said a formal search in the community will occur on Saturday.
1.After Leanne Bearden was lost ________.
A. the police got some information from the public
B. the husband turned to the police for help timely
C. the police sent helicopters to search for her
D. the husband asked his brother to hunt for her
2.According to the third and fourth paragraphs we can know that ________.
A. the couple prefers nothing to travelling
B. the couple decided to settle in Texas
C. the couple have got jobs in Denver
D. the couple have been married for 4 years
3.Which can take the place of the underlined word “devastated”?
A. Astonished. B. Disappointed.
C. Crushed. D. Abandoned.
4.What does Josh think of his wife's missing?
A. His wife was lost only by accident.
B. His wife left home voluntarily.
C. His wife was tired of the life in Texas.
D. His wife has gone to Denver for jobs.
答案：
1.B 解析：细节推断题。依据文章第一、二段可知，Leanne Bearden走失后不久，她的家人就开始寻找，第三段的警方加入表明他的丈夫给警方报告了妻子失踪的事件。故选B项。
2.D 解析：细节理解题。依据文章第三段的She and her husband of four years were supposed to...可知，这对夫妇结婚四年了。故选D项。
3.C 解析：词义猜测题。文中的Michael Hecht在描述妹夫当时的情况，因为妻子走失，丈夫心中一定是非常着急，几天寻找无果的状态一定令他感到心情崩溃。故选C项。
4.B 解析：细节理解题。依据文章倒数第二段的She left on her own free will. That is what she did.可知，妻子是自愿离开这里的。故选B项。
B
WASHINGTON-What will the cities of the future look like? That was the challenge addressed by 40,000 middle school students from 1,350 schools across the U.S. in an annual competition to design the urban landscape of tomorrow. Thirtyseven teams made the finals and traveled to Washington, D.C., to defend their ideas before the judges at the Future City competition.
The annual contest aims to direct young people toward careers in science and technology. The students built tabletop scale models of their designs using recycled materials, costing no more than $100. The teams also had to write essays about their solutions, explain their ideas to the crowd and answer the questions asked by a sixmember expert group.
Urban transportation
This year's theme was ‘urban transportation’-an increasingly important issue for the world's cities.
Eighthgraders from the southern state of Georgia-David Straub, Katherine Barri and Rebecca North-imagined their city far into the future. Straub said they predicted that public transport would be effortless and ecofriendly.
Young teens compete
Leila Mezza, Oha Hassan and Mousa Seid from Houston, Texas, imagined a city in Brazil in 2084, with transport relying on electric cars.
The Future City competition, now in its 22nd year, is mainly focused on young teens. Because at that age in the United States, they have to elect the math courses, the advanced math courses. If they aren't at that age, they will never be an engineer.
The grand prize of $7,500 went to St. John Lutheran School in Michigan. The team members won a trip to U.S. Space Camp.
Even if they didn't win, the experience of working on an engineering project has encouraged many of the kids to think about a career in science and technology. One of them is Eric Swyler from New Mexico, who said, “I plan to become a scientist of some kind, but I'm not sure exactly what kind.”
5.How many teams took part in the final competition?
A.1,350. B.40,000.
C.37. D.6.
6.What's the purpose of holding the annual contest?
A.To lead teens to careers in science and technology.
B.To choose the excellent teenagers to work in science.
C.To find the better designs of building future cities.
D.To find out what the cities of the future look like.
7.Which team won the grand prize of the Future City competition?
A.A school team from New Mexico.
B.A team from Houston, Texas.
C.A team from the southern state of Georgia.
D.St. John Lutheran School in Michigan.
8.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.The math courses are very important to be an engineer.
B.The winners of the grand prize won a trip to British Space Camp.
C.The students at the Future City competition were all from New York.
D.Public transport is becoming effortless and ecofriendly now.
答案：
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了学校的学生们所设计的未来的城市。
5.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Thirtyseven teams, made the finals and traveled to Washington，D.C.，to defend their ideas before the judges at the Future City competition.”可知，答案为C项。
6.A 解析：目的意图题。根据第二段的首句“The annual contest aims to direct young people toward careers in science and technology.”可知，举办每年比赛的目的就是指导青少年通向科学和技术上的事业。故选A项。
7.D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The grand prize of $7,500 went to St. John Lutheran School in Michigan.”可知，该题选D项。
8.A 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Because at that age in the United States, they have to elect the math courses...they will never be an engineer.”可知，数学对于想成为一个工程师来说是非常重要的。故A项正确。
Ⅲ.七选五
Fish
Fish come in all kinds of shapes, sizes and colors. They first appeared in the oceans of the earth about 500 million years ago. Today there are tens of thousands of different kinds of fish and new species are discovered every year.
Where fish live
__1__ They preferably live in areas where warm and cold currents(水流) meet. And about 40% of fish species are in fresh water. Some of them live in the clear water of rivers while others prefer muddy pond water. A few types of fish can swim in both salt and fresh water.
Senses
Fish have organs that tell them what is happening in the water around them. They can see left and right at the same time. They not only can hear sounds in the water but can also sense sounds that happen on the surface.__2__
Bodies of fish
Fish have no neck. The head and the body are combined. Most fish are shaped like cigars so that they can travel very quickly. Fish are cold-blooded. __3__ The skin of most fish is made out of a special slippery substance(物质). Fish breathe oxygen from the water they live in.
__4__
Fish were among the first animals hunted by primitive(原始的) human beings. Millions of people all over the world depend on fish as a main form of nutrition. In many coastal countries, such as Japan or Norway, people depend on fishing to make a living. __5__ They eat other sea animals and are eaten by other sea creatures, thus keeping up the balance of nature.
A. Dangers to fish
B. The importance of fish
C. Fish are a part of the food chain.
D. Most of the world's fish live in salt water.
E. Their body temperature changes with their surroundings.
F. Fish are also endangered by pollution of the world's oceans.
G. Fish can also feel water movements, thus feeling the dangers that approach them.
1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
答案：1.D 2.G 3.E 4.B 5.C
Ⅳ.语法填空
On Thursday Mrs. Clarke locked the door and went to the women's club as usual.
When she came home she sensed __1__ unusual. Had anyone got in? The back door and the windows were all locked and there was __2__ sign of forced entry. Had anything been taken? She went from room to room checking and __3__(find) her spare camera missing.
The following Thursday she went out at her usual time, but she just took a short walk in a park nearby, came home through the back door and settled down to wait and see what __4__ (happen).
It was 4 o'clock __5__ the front doorbell rang. Mrs. Clarke was making tea at the time. The bell rang again, and then she heard her letter box __6__ (push) open. Picking up the kettle of boiling water, she moved quietly towards the door. A piece of __7__ appeared through the letter box, and then a hand. __8__ wire turned and caught around the knob(旋钮) on the door lock. Mrs. Clarke raised the kettle and poured the hot water __9__ the hand. A sharp cry was heard outside as the wire fell to the floor and the hand was __10__ (instant) pulled back, which was followed by the sound of running feet.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9.________ 10.________
答案：
1. something 2. no 3. found 4. would happen
5. when 6. being pushed 7. wire 8. The
9. over/on 10. instantly