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英语六级语法考试之分词

时间: 未知2 语法

  1.分词做定语,弄清现在分词与过去分词的区别

  分词短语做定语相当于省略了的定语从句,考生应掌握: (1)现在分词与被修饰词之间具有主动意义。如:

  It’s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place in our ever-increasing world.(相当于the changes which take place...)

  There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.(相当于which gave...)

  How many of us attending, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion? (相当于How many of us who will attend...)

  (2)过去分词与被修饰词之间具有被动意义。如:

  Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered. (相当于…recapture of the port which had been announced…)

  (3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义:

  deceased, departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, grown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-travelled, newly arrived, recently come。如: a retired worker一位退休工人 a faded curtain一个褪了色的窗帘

  2.分词做状语,注意区分分词的一般式与完成式

  (1)表示时间,多臵于句首,注意如果分词表示的动作的时间先于谓语动词,要用完成式。如:

  Having completed one task, we started on another one. (complete先于start之前发生)

  (2)表示原因,臵于句首句尾均可,根据情况有时要用完成式,有时用一般式。如:

  There seemed little hope that the explorer, having been deserted in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.

  (3)表示伴随、方式,臵于句尾,用分词的一般式。如:

  Helen borrowed my dictionary the other day saying that she would return it soon. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely lost to the outside world.

  (4)表示结果,臵于句尾,用分词的一般式。如:

  The city found itself in a crisis situation last summer when the air conditioning on dozens of the new buses broke down, them unusable.

  (5)表示补充说明(同位),臵于句尾,用分词的一般式。如:

  The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each making one major point in contrast with the other.

  3.分词的独立主格结构

  分词的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则分词短语要有自己的逻辑主语,称为分词独立主格结构。分词独立主格结构只是句子的一个部分。如:

  All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.

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