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cet6语法大全:疑问代词

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  1) 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:
  指人: who, whom, whose
  指物: what
  既可指人又可指物: which
  2) 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较:
  疑问代词:Whose are these books on the desk?
  桌上的书是谁的?
  What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?
  美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?
  限定词:Whose books are these on the desk?
  桌上的书是谁的?
  What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?
  说明1:
  无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如:
  Which girls do you like best?
  你喜欢哪几个姑娘?
  What girls do you like best?
  你喜欢什么样的姑娘?
  说明2:
  Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如:
  Who(m) did you meet on the street?
  你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)
  Who(m) are you taking the book to?
  你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)
  To whom did you speak on the campus?
  你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。)
  说明3:
  疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如:
  For what do most people live and work?
  大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体)
  What are you looking for?
  你在找什么?(现代英语)
  说明4:
  疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如:
  I can't make out what he is driving at.
  我不知道他用意何在。
  Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
  你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?
  Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
  你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。
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