2015年12月四级考试阅读参考答案

　　36、N。 saw 第一空显然缺少谓语，优先考虑动词，结合语义并根据Late November and December可以推出应选择过去式动词，故答案锁定saw。

　　37、F。 decades 根据two，首选复数名词，结合语义，“ for the first time in the two decades”， 二十年来头一次。

　　38、H。 globally 句子为主系表结构，不缺主要成分，所以首选副词和形容词，根据语义，ever表示“一直以来地、向来地”，“十一月向来是全球范围内最温暖的一个月。”

　　39、D。 chances 缺少主语，并且谓语是are，所以首选复数形式的名词，结合前文Enjoy the snownow， “享受现在的雪吧”，因为“时机是好的”。

　　40、J。 occurs 空格前方有主语，且是单数形式，而后面由when引导的时间状语从句的时态是一般现在时，所以主句谓语锁定第三人称单数形式的动词，只能选择occurs。

　　41、A。 specific空格左为定冠词the，空格右为名词，中间只能选形容词，选择“特定的”符合语义。

　　42、B。 associated 空格左为be动词，右边为介词with，中间只能是形容词或动词的过去分词形式，beassociated with表示“与…有联系”，符合原意。

　　43、G。 experiences 空格左为主语southern Africa，空格内应该为动词的第三人称单词形式，结合语义，选G，“南非经历着干燥的天气。

　　44、M。 reduce 空格左为情态动词，空格内必须为动词原形，填reduce“减少”符合原题。

　　45、K。 populations 空格与左边的large fish 共同构成动词support的宾语，只能选一个名词来作为名词词组，故选K，“大量的鱼群”。

　　选词填空原文(一)

　　来源：El Ni?o Is On Its Way – Time

　　Read more： http://content.time.com/time/magazine/ar。。。z2prXcgzS6

　　For many Americans， 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold snap。 Late November andDecember saw early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country， part of a yearwhen—for the first time in two decades—record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumberedrecord-warm ones。 But the U.S。 was the exception： November was the warmest everglobally， and the provisional data indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth-hottest yearon record。

　　Enjoy the snow now， because chances are good that 2014 will be even hotter—perhaps thehottest year since records have been kept。 That’s because， scientists are predicting， 2014 will bean El Ni?o year。

　　El Ni?o， Spanish for “the child”， occurs when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacificbecome abnormally warm。 So large is the Pacific， covering 30% of the planet’s surface， thatthe specific energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changesaround the world。 El Ni?o are associated with abnormally dry conditions in the Southeast Asia andAustralia。 They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America， even as southernAfrica experiences dry weather。 Marine life may be affected too： El Ni?o the rising of the cold，nutrient-rich water that supports large fish populations， and the unusually warm oceantemperatures can destroy coral。

　　这篇文章是发表在the Atlantic上的一篇新闻报道的节选段拼凑而成的，最后一段是出题人自己纂写的。原文地址http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/12/the-year-in-sleep/383990/

　　Everybody sleeps—so goes the Sesame Street song meant for obstinately awake children。That may be true， but what people stay up late to catch—or wake up early in order not to miss—varies by culture。

　　Around the world， people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savingstime。 Russians， for example， began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after PresidentVladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to “winter time” starting on October 26。

　　Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally coincided with public holidays。 One suchspike was on New Year’s Eve， which Russians tend to ring in with unusual fervor， as well as onWorld War II Victory Day。 According to another Jawbone finding， Russians have the world‘s latestbedtime on December 31， hitting the hay at around 3：30 a.m。

　　Russians also got up an hour later on International Women’s Day， the day for coddling andcelebrating female relatives。

　　Similarly， Americans’ late nights， late mornings， and longest sleeps coincided with three-dayweekends。

　　Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey final。

　　The World Cup was also a major sleep-deprivation culprit。 The worst night for sleep in theU.K。 was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14。 Brits stayed up a half-hour later towatch it， and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights，the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime。 That wasnothing， though， compared to Germans， Italians， and the French， who stayed up around anhour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup。

　　It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in someof these nations， it’s likely that only the richest people do。 And people who elect to track theirsleep may try to get more sleep than the average person。 Even if that’s the case， though， theabove findings are still striking。 If the most healthconscious among us have such deep swings inour shuteye levels throughout the year， how much sleep are the rest of us losing?

　　参考答案及解析:

　　61题，定位到第一段最后一句“varies by culture”，所以答案选A——They are culture-related。

　　62题，由题干的大写名词Russian定位到第二段和第三段。第二段的“Russian， for example， began towake up about a half-hour later each day”这一句是干扰句，起得晚不一定睡得早，所以答案推不出“他们比其他地方的人睡得更久”。然后看到第三段“Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generallycoincided with public holidays”，所以答案为C——They don’t sleep much on holidays。

　　63题，题干问的是欧洲人缺乏睡眠的major cause主要原因是什么，由题干的大写名词Europeans’ loss定位到倒数第二段的“compared to Germans， Italians， and the French， who stayed up around an hourand a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup”，原文的Germans，Italians， and the French就是题干中“Europeans”的同义改写，而他们stayed up就是为了to watch theCup，所以说他们缺乏睡眠的原因便是C选项——The World Cup。

　　64题，问的是富有的人使用设备来记录他们的睡眠模式的原因。由rich people以及device定位到最后一段第一句，定位句只说到了记录的事实，而非其原因。按照四级阅读金三句原则看到定位句的下一句“And peoplewho elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person”，记录睡眠的人是想要得到比普通人更多的睡眠，所以答案是B——They want to get sufficient sleep。

　　65题，问的是作者在最后一段所表达的观点，定位到最后一句If the most healthconscious among ushave such deep swings in our shuteye levels throughout the year， how much sleep are the rest ofus losing? 作者提到了health-conscious，人们对健康的意识是缺乏的，对健康是视而不见的，所以答案选B——Few people really know the importance of sleep。