大学英语四级阅读训练附答案和精讲
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequentloss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are manytypes of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change,until retirement. When people look alike, theytend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the jobat least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often theirinitial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive tomaintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible withmany types of civilian clothes.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality ________.
A. still judge a man by his clothes
B. hold the uniform in such high regard
C. enjoy having a professional identity
D. will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform
2. People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform ________.
A. suggests quality work
B. discards his social identity
C. appears to be more practical
D. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes
3. The chief function of a uniform is to ________.
A. provide practical benefits to the wearer
B. make the wearer catch the pubic eye
C. inspire the wearer’s confidence in himself
D. provide the wearer with a professional identity
4. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms ________.
A. are usually helpful
B. have little or no individual freedom
C. tend to lose their individuality
D. enjoy greater popularity
5. The best title for this passage would be ________.
A. Uniforms and Society
B. The Importance of Wearing a Uniform
C. Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform
D. Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms
1.[B] 事实细节题。根据文章首句转折词yet后面的信息“尽管美国人很为他们的多样性和个性自豪，但是没有什么比制服更让他们喜爱与尊敬的了”结合核心词uniform及同义表达(hold…in high regard即respect),故选B。
2.[A] 推理判断题。根据第2段第2句“人们习惯性地期望穿制服的人有较高的专业素质”，故选A。选项D错在用superior来比较人了，文中用的是superior quality。
3.[D] 主旨大意题。根据第 2 段首句“they look more professional than civilian clothes”及尾句的反问“What easier way is there…to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform? ”选含有高频词汇 professional的D。
4.[C] 推理判断题。根据第4段首句中的“loss of individuality”进行同义替换,选C。
5.[D] 主旨大意题。根据第2至4段首句的对比,对于文章最好的概括为选项D“制服的优缺点”。
A friend of mine, in response to a conversation we were having about the injustices of life,asked me the question, “Who said life was going to be fair, or that it was even meant to befair?” Her question was agood one. It reminded me of something I was taught as a youngster:life isn’t fair. It’s a disappointment, but it’s absolutely true. One of the mistakes many of usmake is that we feel sorry for ourselves, or for others, thinking that life should be fair, or thatsomeday it will be. It’s not and it won’t be.
One of the nice things about surrendering to the fact that life isn’t fair is that it keeps us fromfeeling sorry for ourselves by encouraging us to do the very best we can with what we have.We know it’s not “life’s job”to make everything perfect: it’s our own challenge. Surrendering tothis fact also keeps us from feeling sorry for others because we are reminded that everyone isdealt a different hand; everyone has unique strengths and problems in the process of growingup, facing the reality and making decisions; and everyone has those times that they feel unfairlytreated.
The fact that life isn’t fair doesn’t mean we shouldn’t do everything in our power to improve ourown lives or the world as a whole. To the contrary, it suggests that we should. When we don’trecognize or admit that life isn’t fair, we tend to feel pity for others and for ourselves. Pity, ofcourse, is a self-defeating emotion that does nothing for anyone, except to make everyone feelworse than they already do. When we do recognize that life isn’t fair, however, we feelcompassion for others and for ourselves. And compassion is a heartfelt emotion thatdelivers loving-kindness to everyone it touches. The next time you find yourself thinking aboutthe injustices of the world, try reminding yourself of this very basic fact. Youmay be surprisedthat it can make you out of self-pity and into helpful action.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The author thought of his friend's question as a good one, because _______.
A. he also wanted to know who held such an opinion
B. it made him recall something during his childhood
C. like his friend, he also thought life was unfair
D. he learned something from the question as a youngster
2.Surrendering to the fact that life isn't fair will ________.
A. keep us from making everything perfect
B. keep us from doing everything in our power
C. make us face challenges in the life bravely
D. make us know it's our duty to perfect things
3.The second paragraph of the passage mainly discusses _______.
A. it's nice to accept the injustice of life
B. it's nice to surrender to the life
C. we should not surrender to the life
D. we should not feel sorry for ourselves
4.In the last paragraph, “this very basic fact” refers to the fact that ________.
A. you should not pity for others
B. life isn't and won't be fair
C. sympathy is a heartfelt emotion
D. pity is a self-defeating emotion
5.From the passage, we can learn that the author's attitude to life is ________.
A. positive B. negative C. Self-pity D. indifferent
1.[C] 推理判断题。本题考查隐含的因果关系。第1段破折号后面的内容为隐含的原因，由此可见C为本题正确选项A没有原文依据，选项B与结论并无合理的因果关系，选项D对原文有曲解，原文是说这个问题使作者想起了年轻时候的往事，而并不是选项D中说的leam from the question。
2.[D] 事实细节题。本题考查复合句的理解。第2段首句中 do the very best we can 与第2句Weknow…it’s our challenge表明选项D为本题正确答案。本题最具干扰性的是选项C，其中的challenge在第2句明确提到，但是此处的challenge不是指挑战生活，而是指本句第一个分句中提到的“让所有事情完美”。
3.[A] 主旨大意题。本段第1句是主题句,理解这个同位语从句是关键,只有选项A表达了这一句的意思。要注意其中surrender的宾语是the fact that life isn’t fair,而不是life,这样就可以否定最具干扰性的B选项了。
4.[B] 词义推断题。本题考查this所指的理解。最后一段倒数第2句中,this very basic fact指的是本句的从句中的the injustices of the world,另外，短语the fact that life isn’t fair在文中反复出现，是本文的主题，因此结合上下文可以推出答案。其余三项虽然在文中均有提及,但只是个别细节,并非作者反复强调的中心话题。
5.[A] 观点态度题。作者批评了自怜的情绪,提出对他人要有同情心,强调承认生活不公平并不是向生活妥协,而是将我们从自我怜悯中摆脱出来，采取一些有积极意义的行动，由此可见，作者对生活的态度是积极的，即选项A。