英语四级考试翻译专练题附译文

　　英语四级考试翻译专练题(一)

　　孔子

　　孔子(Confucius)是我国古代著名的思想家、教育家，儒家学派(Confucian School)的创始人。相传孔子有弟子三千，贤弟子72人，孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国14年。在中国五千年的历史上，对华夏民族的性格、气质 (temperament)产生最大影响的人就算是孔子了。他正直、乐观向上、积极进取。他一生都在追求真、善、美，一生都在追求理想的社会。他品格中的优点，几千年来影响着中国人，特别是影响着中国的知识分子。

　　英语四级考试翻译专练题翻译讲解

　　Confucius is a famous ideologist, educator, and the founder of Confucian School in ancient China. It's said he has 3,000 disciples, 72 out of whom are excellent ones, and he has led some disciples to visit various states for 14 years. During 5,000 years' history of China, it's Confucius who has exerted the greatest impact on Chinese nation's characteristic and temperament. He is upright, optimistic, active and enterprising, striving for truthfulness, kindness and beauty, and seeking for an ideal society all his life. The shining points in his characteristics have been influencing the Chinese people, especially the Chinese intellectuals for thousands of years.

　　1.创始人:说思想、学派的创始人或奠基者，可以founder、creator或 originator来表达。

　　2.弟子:译为disciple,当时的弟子多指门徒，而非当今的学生。

　　3.周游列国:可译为visit various states 或者travel around various states。 孔子生于春秋时期，那时的国家跟现在国家的概念是不一样的，那时的国家更适合译作state，而不是country,如“战国”应译作Warring States。

　　4.积极进取:可译为active and enterprising,其中active意为“积极的”，enterprising意为“有进取心的”。

　　5.真、善、美:应译为truthfulness, kindness, beauty。

　　6.追求:文中两处用到“追求”，可以分别翻译为striving for和seeking for,以增加用词的变化，彰显语言功底。

　　英语四级考试翻译专练题(二)

　　中国酒

　　中国是具有先进酿酒技术的国家之一。关于酒的发明有许多种说法，最著名的是杜康的传说。据说杜康一天把装有谷子(millet)的竹筒落在了树上。十四天后偶然看见被他遗忘的竹筒，惊奇地发现筒里的谷子全变成了芳香的美酒。从此，他开始酿酒。因此，他的名字经常与酒联系起来，这一点在曹操的诗句中也有所体现:“何以解忧，唯有杜康。”

　　英语四级考试翻译专练题翻译讲解

　　China is one of the leading countries in wine-making in the world. There are many legends concerning the invention of alcohol. The most popular one is about Du Kang. It is said that Du Kang lost his bamboo tube, which was full of millet, on the tree one day. Fourteen days later he saw the tube by accident, and surprisingly found that the millet had turned into fragrant alcohol. Since then, inspired by this discovery, he began to make the alcohol. And for that reason, his name is often associated with alcohol, which is illustrated in Cao Cao's verses-“What can relieve my worries? Only Dukang.”

　　1.酿酒:可译为alcohol-making。这里的“酒”多指粮食酿酒，所以用alcohol,而不用wine。

　　2.发明:酒是古人无意中创造出来的，而不是本身存在人们发掘出来的，所以用 invention。

　　3.从此，他开始酿酒:杜康偶然间发现酒的形成，受了这次偶然的启发才开始尝试酿酒技术，所以在翻译这句时，最好将其中的逻辑关系一起译出。

　　4.何以解忧，唯有杜康:中国的酒名来源甚广，此处的杜康酒是按照人名来命名的，不是指人，所以在翻译时应用Dukang，也与人名Du Kang作出区别。

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